Is Cheating Ethical - 1654 Words

Introduction: Many people tend to equate ethics with their feelings. But being ethical is clearly not a matter of followings one’s feelings. Ethics, however, cannot be confined to religion nor is it the same as religion. Being ethical is not the same as following the law. The law often incorporates ethical standards to which most citizens subscribe. But laws, like feelings, can deviate from what is ethical. Finally, being ethical is not the same as doing â€Å"whatever society accepts.† In any society, most people accept standards that are ethical. But standards of behaviour in society can deviate from what is ethical. An entire society can become ethically corrupt. Nazi Germany is good example of a morally corrupt society. What then, is†¦show more content†¦No matter what consequences a person is going to bear if he/she does not cheat or whatever are the consequences like teacher was not good, the person was having a problem just before the exam, he/she may fail the course or may be fired from the job. According to principle of universalism moral duty of a person could be revealed through reasons, objectively. Kant said that to act morally is one’s moral duty and one’s moral duty is to follow innate law. Under Universal law he said that all moral statement should be general law for everyone under every circumstance and there should be no occasion under which exception are made. If anyone allow a person to cheat due to any reason and tries to prove that it is ethical than that should be applicable to every member in the room because every person is having some problem with in their personal life and this will also create a sense of discrimination among other members. Kant said that you should never treat people as a means of some ends. People should always be treated as ends in themselves; it promotes equality among human beings. So at last we can say that according to principle of categoricalism doing wrong thing or action is always wrong no matter what ever will be the end or doing wrong thing would benefit how many people. Cheating in class or exam is wrong and one person should not do that (rsrevision/kantandthecatimp.htm). Is it ethical thingShow MoreRelatedPersonal Ethics : An Ethical Person? Cheating On Taxes, Exams, Relationships948 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Ethics: What does it mean to be an ethical person? Cheating on taxes, exams, relationships, etc., seems to be rampant. Is this a problem? Why or why not? Personal ethics is the generally accepted principles or practices of right and wrong governing the conduct of individuals. To be simple, personal ethnic is the internal guide that tells us what is right and wrong. They drive our actions and emotions on o daily basis. Some people may be appearing similar set of personal ethics, but someRead More Ethics Of Cheating Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesthey do†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦they’re Cheaters Cheating is defined in the dictionary as, to deceive by trickery; swindle, however the dictionary fails to tell you if it is right or wrong to cheat. People have many different beliefs when it comes to cheating; some think its fine to do while others completely disapprove. I intend to show the different beliefs, from different perspectives of people, and also intend on proving which beliefs have the strongest and weakest arguments. An ethical egoist could argue that weRead MoreEssay Ethics of Cheating735 Words   |  3 Pagesthey doÂ…Â…Â…theyre Cheaters Cheating is defined in the dictionary as, to deceive by trickery; swindle, however the dictionary fails to tell you if it is right or wrong to cheat. People have many different beliefs when it comes to cheating; some think its fine to do while others completely disapprove. I intend to show the different beliefs, from different perspectives of people, and also intend on proving which beliefs have the strongest and weakest arguments. An ethical egoist could argue that weRead MoreCanadian Decision Making Model For Personnel Selection1302 Words   |  6 Pages According to London and Bray 1980 as cited in Beresoff, (2003) although some situations may be constructed by the employer, the psychologist perceives and interprets the situation with restrictions that he or she believes contribute to an ethical practice. On the other hand, tests given for one purpose may be used for another purpose. For instance, as they, London and Bray, point out, a score on an employment test may be used later for selection in a training program, assignment to a specificRead MoreEssay on What is Cheating and Why Cheating is Bad?1219 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction - What is Cheating and Why Cheating is Bad? In this paper, we discuss how academic dishonesty in general and what role if any, the structure and teaching of courses – as a part of business management curriculum in particular – plays, in curbing that dishonesty. Cheating can be defined as any act of academic dishonesty and is encountered in various forms. There has been extensive research [Whitley, 1998] to analyze fraudulent exercises- especially in undergraduate school setting. 72%Read MoreThe Code Of Ethics For Education917 Words   |  4 PagesMy area of study is in education. The code of ethics for education falls into three different categories, ethical conduct towards the students, ethical conduct practices, and ethical conduct towards colleagues. Educators have a moral responsibility to have a learning environment that fulfills and helps their students reach their full potential. According to the Code of Educators, â€Å"The professional educator accepts personal responsibility for teaching students character qualities that will help themRead MoreWhy Should Students From A Respected University Cheat?1014 Words   |  5 PagesWhenever a cheating scandal pops up in the news, a majority of the people always wonder why. Why would stud ents from a respected university cheat? Who should we put the blame on? A lot of people are quick to assume that it is the student s personal morals, which causes them to cheat. I realized why a lot of student’s cheat, and how certain articles that I read, proposed we fix the cheating issue. The main goal is to prevent future cheating, and you start preventing cheating by looking at what theRead MoreChallenges Facing the Accounting Profession Today700 Words   |  3 Pageswork will explain the rules for financial reporting in terms of where they can be located and noting the most important of the rules. Finally, this work will address what should be done to address an ethical dilemma and specifically one involving one student observing another accounting student cheating on a test. I. Challenges the Accounting Profession Faces It is reported that organizations face a growing challenge for the recruitment, development and retention of finance professionals dueRead MoreIs it Ethical? Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagestopic of controversy in both the scientific and philosophical/ethical communities. When thinking about higher education and the role ethics play on the individuals, many psychologists and other professions have considered whether or not universities are capable of creating ethical individuals, or if students develop their ethics before coming to college. Many people believe that universities are responsible for creating moral/ethical individuals, but I am going to argue that ethics within the individualRead MoreEthics As Explained By Robert J. Sternberg1291 Words   |  6 Pagesmeasure in which, ethical reasoning comes into play. Ethics as explained by Robert J. Sternberg, â€Å"Ethics is a set of principles for what constitutes right and wrong behavior.† (Sternberg, 2017, para. 3). And fu rther elaborates ethical reasoning to be, â€Å"Ethical reasoning is how to think about issues of right or wrong.† (Sternberg, 2017, para. 4). Such situations that may need ethical reasoning to take place may be demonstrated when one finds themselves questioning whether cheating is the route to pursue

The Articles Of Confederation And The Us Constitution

The United States has governed with two constitutions, the Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution. The Articles of Confederation was the first attempt of forming a legal government from March 1, 1781 to March 4, 1789. There were many problems as the articles became to take effect so it was replaced with the US Constitution in June 21, 1788. The Articles of Confederation failed because of its weaknesses which were that â€Å"each state regardless of its size, had one vote in congress.†(Janda, 2015, p.50) Congress did not have the power to tax nor regulate foreign and interstate commerce. There was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by Congress. There was no national court system. Amendments to the Articles of Confederation required a unanimous vote. Laws required a nine out of thirteen majority to pass in Congress. They retained power in the states. States often argued amongst themselves in the years of the Articles of Confederation. They did not want to financially support the national government therefore the government was powerless. There was no stable economy. The Articles of Confederation was insufficient to cover the nation. As the economic and military weaknesses became apparent, individuals began asking for changes to the Articles that would create a stronger national government. A meeting was set in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787. This became the Constitutional Convention, which was called in order to make revisions to the Articles of Confederation.Show MoreRelatedArticles Of Confederation And The Writing Of The Us Constitution1117 Words   |  5 PagesArticles of Confederation and the Writing of the US Constitution Brandon Robison Robib567@yahoo.com United States History Devry University â€Æ' Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation; this was the first constitution for the United States, on November, 1777. However, approval of the Articles of Confederation by all thirteen states did not occur until March, 1781. The Articles created a loose fellowship of sovereign states and a poor central government, leaving most of the power withRead MoreThe Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagessuccess of their nation. The Articles of Confederation was the first system of government that was proposed and put into effect. This attempt at creating a system that protected the people form a strong central government ultimately failed but was an important step in the development of the current government system. The weaknesses presented by the Articles of Confederation helped lead to reforms that made the Constitution successful. Both the Articles and the Constitution demonstrate the strugglesRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Serving As The Foundation For The Us Constitution1520 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1781, the thirteen independent states of America had been bound together by the Articles of Confederation. Under this document, the Continental Congress had successfully waged war, made alliances, secured loans, negotiated peace with Great Britain, and passed the Northwest Ordinance. This document served as the foundation for the United States Constitution, which was ratified in 1787. This ratification process took place over 200 years ago. Since that time, most modern-day Americans have assumedRead MoreConstitution vs Articles of Confed. Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿REPORT: CONSTITUTION As one of the creators of the new Constitution of 1788, you are chosen to present its strengths as compared to the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. What areas of importance will you stress in attempting to get it passed unanimously? Give good well-reasoned arguments in a report of approximately 400 words. You will need to research the details of each document, using resources from the library, the Internet, or other sources. Be sure to use proper spelling andRead MoreU.s. Constitution And Articles Of Confederation843 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. Constitution and Articles of Confederation If society didn’t have standards that were enforced to help prevent harm to society by its members, how different would it be? These standards are broken into two different types, verbal and written. Although, one can distinguish between the two standards, verbal standards are those that are not written down, but yet passed down among many generations and are not easily enforce, whereas written standards, are the complete opposite. There were twoRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation From A New Constitution1506 Words   |  7 Pagesactions taken to replace the Articles of Confederation to bring about a new Constitution. I will first start out by giving some background on the Article of Confederation as to what it was and why it was important for the US? Secondly, I will provide the reader with some of the strengths and weaknesses of the Article of Confederation. Why did the Article of Confederation fail? Third, I will talk about the actions that were taken to replace the Art icle of Confederation and how these actions were workedRead MoreThe Early American Republic And The Constitution Of Our Multi Faceted Government1242 Words   |  5 Pages, the Early American Republic faced numerous hardships from the beginning. More specifically, the framework, transitioning from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution of our multi-faceted government deemed itself controversial. In order for one to determine if the transition from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution was a major roadblock for American politics, we must analyze both standpoints of the argument. The two major views on this divide were the Federalists and Anti-Read MoreConstitution Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesConstitution Essay Our constitution is the basis of what this country is about. This country stands for freedom and starting a life where you truly have the free will to do as you please. The constitution wasnt created right away, opposed to what many people think. They had to go through trial and error until they came about the Constitution. First, there was the Articles Of Confederation, which was a rough layout of the Constitution. Then when we found the flaws in that we created the amendmentsRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Early Formation Of The United States933 Words   |  4 Pagesused the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of confederation were in no way a perfect answer to America in the beginning, but it was the starting point for the Constitution. The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments. The need for a stronger Federal government soon became apparent and event ually led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. The present United States Constitution replaced theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1092 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 1, 1781. The Articles of Confederation were a respectful effort by a new country and to create an ideal national government. Although to some states that form of government was not happy because the Articles of Confederation will soon become a disadvantage. The Constitution Of United States was established in 1787. The Constitution of United States was written as a set of rules for this country. Many of the â€Å"rules† have helped the country stay in order. The constitution gave more power to the

Dr Montessori Emphasises the Importance of the Development of Imagination Free Essays

Dr Montessori emphasises the importance of the development of imagination. How do cultural activities in a Montessori prepared environment aid in this development? Imagination, also called the faculty of imagining, is the ability of forming mental images, sensations and concepts, in a moment when they are not perceived through sight, hearing or other senses. Imagination is the work of the mind that helps create fantasy. We will write a custom essay sample on Dr Montessori Emphasises the Importance of the Development of Imagination or any similar topic only for you Order Now Imagination helps provide meaning to experience and understanding to knowledge; it is a fundamental facility through which people make sense of the world, and it also plays a key role in the learning process.A basic training for imagination is the listening to storytelling, in which the exactness of the chosen words is the fundamental factor to ‘evoke worlds. ‘ Imagination is the faculty through which we encounter everything. The things that we touch, see and hear coalesce into a â€Å"picture† via our imagination. Imagination is the power of forming a mental image of something not present to the senses or never before wholly perceived in reality. It is a creative ability or mental capacity for experiencing, constructing and manipulating mental images.Imagination is responsible for the entire range of fantasy, original and insightful thought and sometimes for a much wider range of mental activities. With children and their development, nothing is more important than imagination to help with the growth of thought processes and creativity. Children that are able to get away from it all and place themselves, mentally, in another world are more likely to be able to think â€Å"outside the box† and produce more creative results when learning and working.For this reason, the importance of imagination cannot be underestimated and should be encouraged when raising children. Curiosity holds an important place in the minds of kids because it helps provide them with the will to explore objects and places that they do not know. Children become curious from a very young age and begin to wonder about various notions in this broad universe, but it is imagination that helps carry the child beyond the boundaries of imagination and into a new world of discovery. It is imagination that begins to develop and occupy a very vital place in a child’s mental world.With imagination, a chil d can move mountains, transport himself to a distant world, make himself smaller or larger, or disappear from sight. Imagination allows children to form new ideas and explore old ideas, all at once. For children with more to escape in their unfortunate realities, such as abuse victims or children with separated parents, imagination plays an even more critical role in development as it aids with coping. When children get scared, it is important to show them compassion and belonging. This can be accomplished through the use of imagination at play.Doll houses, miniature worlds, board games, role-playing games, or even a simple tent in the backyard can promote imagination in small children as they are influenced through the limitless boundaries of the creative world. With more than these in mind, Dr Montessori emphasises the importance of imagination in children. Maria Montessori said â€Å"Free the child’s potential, and you will transform him into the world†. When she said this, she also meant that imagination is one of the child’s potential that can be broadened over time.However Dr Montessori only emphasized imagination but not fantasy. She felt that young children would not be able to differentiate between reality and fiction if they got too much idea about fantasy. It is a fairly common concern among Montessori parents and critics of the method that Montessori discouraged imaginative play. Montessori herself says this: â€Å"Adults, even thought they punish or patiently tolerate the errant and unruly actions of these disordered children, actually favor and encourage their fantasies, interpreting them as the creative tendencies of a child’s mind.Froebel invented many of his games to encourage the development of a child’s imagination along these lines.. . Toys furnish a child with an environment that has no particular goal and , as a consequence, they cannot provide it with any real mental concentration but only illusions†¦. ‘divided’ children of this sort are regarded, particularly in school, as being highly intelligent, even if they lack order, neatness, and discipline. † There is a clear distinction between fantasy and imagination. The Montessori learning environment is much different than the traditional model. Instead of information passing from the teacher to the student, the teacher is skilled in putting the child in touch with the environment, and helping him learn to make intelligent choices and to carry out research in a prepared environment. The teacher then protects the student’s concentration from interruption. This fosters a love of lifetime learning in the student. How to cite Dr Montessori Emphasises the Importance of the Development of Imagination, Papers

Roman Law (736 words) Essay Example For Students

Roman Law (736 words) Essay Roman LawRoman LawRomans did not have very complicated lawsbut when they were broken there was very heavy punishment. Romanlaws influenced most of the laws we have now and most of the laws of othercountries. Americas court system was modeled around the Roman court system. They had upper courts and lower courts and that was what built our strongcourt system now. One thing that we did not take from the Romansis the right to be a Citizen. In Rome there were very strict class systemsand they were classified greatly by clothes, shelter, and seating at thegames. The word citizen for them meant that you had to be free andlived in Rome. The class system was always followed no matter what. You could move up from your rank in society but then you would have towork really hard and it was not easy because people would still look atyou as a low class. The class systems from highest to lowest werethe senators, councilmen and their families. Then came the regularmiddle class citizens, next were the Plebeians who were very poor but notslaves and last was the slaves who owned nothing at all not even the clotheson their back because it all belonged to their master. Therefore, if slaves were caught runningaway they were brought upon charges of theft for stealing themselves andtheir masters clothing. Stealing held a very heavy punishment andthat punishment was always upheld. The punishment was capital punishmentand all of this was done to teach them a lesson. Some say the Romanshad a very strange way of doing things but, the way their country was setupmost of their laws were necessary for them. All of this got started with the TwelveTables of Rome. Which were much like the Ten Commandments exceptman made them up. They were engraved into Bronze tablets and madeup by ten Roman Magistrates around early 450 BC. The laws were reallymade to please the Plebeians because they complained that they didnt getany rights because the laws were never written down and were often changed. After this the Plebeians could no longer be fooled because the Twelve Tablescovered all aspects of the law briefly stating the crime and then the punishment. This was where the court system came inbecause the courts were the ones that had to follow by the Twelve Tablesand there was no way to cheat the Plebeians because the laws were in themain Forum hanging up for those purposes. Since our court systemwas modeled around theirs then it was basically like it is now. Theyhad upper courts and lower courts and the right to an appeal was very wellgranted but only with good reasoning. The only thing about theircourt system that we did not take on in a big way is capital punishment. I say this because the Romans loved to kill any one who broke any of theirlaws but we do not kill unless you have killed first. Another aspect of Roman law is crucifixion,which was what was done to Jesus Christ. The Romans show very littlemercy on anyone who comes across them. They show even less mercyto strangers that try to change them because nobody likes change but theRoman officials despised it because it would no longer make them rich andpowerful to the people. Family laws were less harsh than state laws. .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 , .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 .postImageUrl , .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 , .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7:hover , .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7:visited , .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7:active { border:0!important; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7:active , .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7 .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uedd48c390116f7a8e28765709f9032f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: HDTV: The Emergence of a New Generation in Televis EssayFamily law was much different especiallyfor higher classed people. The children of that time were beat onoccasion when they did something wrong but it was never on a regular basis. They had hearts when it came to family. The girls still had verylittle freedom to choose husbands and to plan their own life and they weremarried off very early. To parents it was a relief to finally marryoff their girl child but to marry of a boy child meant more wealth to theirfamily. In Conclusion the Romans had a very uncomplicatedlegal system and since everything was so easy to comprehend if you brokeone of their laws sixty percent of the time you were sentenced to deathwith out thinking but other times you were just banished. Ourlaws came straight from out of Rome because the law system worked verywell for them. Only certain aspects of their laws were not adoptedby us because they were thought to be too cruel. But, what couldyou say except for when your in the Romans house do as they do or youcould get capital punishment for doing what you thing is right.

Disaster of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder of Military Personnel

Non-lethal Weapons

Non-lethal Weapons Free Online Research Papers Non-lethal weapons (also known as less-than lethal weapons) are one of the most important forms of technology in the twenty-first century. They are a well-needed augmentation for the guns and other types of lethal weapons that are being used to defend innocent lives without the desire to cause bloodshed and death. Mainly used by law enforcement and U.S. forces, non-lethal weapons can also be purchased and owned by civilians over a specific age in some states. The different types of non-lethal weapons range from hand-held spray-able irritants to long-range chemical lasers. While the types are different in physical appearance and content, their purpose is the same. Non-lethal weapons are meant to keep a person or group from harm by confusing, disorienting, or momentarily distracting potential threats. They can be used in varying types or situations with varying levels of danger. Well-known and often-used types of non-lethal weapons are the irritant named Mace and the electroshock weapon called a Taser. Mace is a tear gas made from 1% CN gas in a solvent of 2-butanol, propylene glycol, cyclohexene, and dipropylene glycol methyl ether that comes in an aerosol spray form and is meant to be sprayed into the face of an attacker. It causes an intense burning sensation in the attacker’s eyes and causes the person to cough and gag due to suffocation effect caused by breathing it in. This would give the user a perfect opportunity to flee from their enemy. Mace is commonly used by police officers all over the United States . The Taser is also a weapon typically equipped by the members of local police forces. When used on a person, the Taser is a device that fires out two small dart-like electrodes that enter into a subjects flesh and uses an electrical current to disrupt the persons control of their muscles and results in strong muscle contractions. Meant to b e used on potentially dangerous subjects, it is a simple and effective tool to escape possible harm. There are also many non-lethal weapons still underdevelopment that are far more complex and useful compared to it much simpler counter-part. Possibly one of the most impressive forms of non-lethal weapons still under development by the U.S. military is the pulsed energy projectile weapon (PEP). Designed for riot control from a distance, the pulsed energy projectile uses an invisible chemical laser that creates a large flash and shockwave to disorient and knock-out all people being targeted. The PEP is said to be able to work over distances of up to 2 kilometers and is more than likely going to be mounted on vehicles due to its large size. Although it is still only under development, the PEP shows how advanced in technology the Non-lethal weapons are becoming. Non-lethal weapons have a very positive effect on out society. They give policemen another option for how to protect civilians. This new options is a major improvement compared to the traditional firearms and blunt weapons commonly used by police officers because they can save lives without serious injury. This makes sure that justice is properly served in an emergency situation. The military benefits from Non-lethal weapons as well by allowing them more options on how to defend themselves and make assaults on enemies. There are nearly no negatives to Non-lethal weapons. The only problem with them is the slim chance that they can kill someone. There has only been a handful of cases where a Non-lethal weapon has ended a person’s life, but in most of those cases the victim a pre-existing condition that made them more susceptible to fatal injury. There was one such case where a person with a weak heart was killed while being struck with a Taser. Although it is possible, it is very rare that a person is seriously injured by a Non-lethal weapon. The fact that we have created an alternate option to lethal weapons is one of the ways Non-lethal weapons have impacted the world around us. Non-lethal weapons have certainly made a strong impact in the United States and other parts of the world with the technology to build them. They have not gone unnoticed by U.S. forces and law enforcement. The authorities have fully-integrated the new non-lethal technologies to their arsenal of equipment, which has spared many lives and made certain situations much easier to handle. Without the creation of Non-lethal weapons, conflicts that typically would have ended in death can now end without bloodshed by either party. The creation of lasers and other types of technologies designed to be integrated into Non-lethal and lethal weapons is causing advancement in the level of technology in the world. Non-lethal weapons are a very important form of technology. They have helped cause technological advancement because without them there would be no need for the development of lasers and other types on technology. They allow civilians to defend themselves against crime and allow U.S. forces safer ways to end conflict. I believe Non-lethal weapons are a great form of technology and will continue to save lives as long as they are still around. Research Papers on Non-lethal WeaponsArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Genetic EngineeringOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentTrailblazing by Eric AndersonIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Business Research Methodologies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Research Methodologies - Coursework Example Research Methodology Various tools will be used to collect the extensive sets of relevant data that are required to proceed with the study. The two forms of research are primary and secondary research, where primary is based on questionnaire; interviews and secondary research is based on reports which are already made available through books, articles and internet (Goddard & Melville, 2004, p. 3-4). Research design A research design encompasses procedures and methodologies that are employed to conduct research. The research design defines the type of study: such as descriptive, experimental, semi experimental, correlation and others. Research design is also considered as a systematic and scientific search for precise information on a particular topic. One of the primary reasons for research is to find out the truth which was not revealed in due course of time. Each research has its own objectives and purposes, but in general the key objective of conducting research is to gain new ins ight and is also referred to as exploratory research. In addition, other forms of research are descriptive research, diagnostic research and to test the casual relationship which are conducted in the process of hypothesis testing (Kothari, 2008, p.2).Research design with regards to the study of management style of the supervisors to evaluate the performance of employees at Curry’s PC world is as follows: Research Philosophy: The research philosophy adopted is realism. The realism theory of philosophy was adopted because of its independent nature and is quite similar to positivism and tends to assume a scientific approach. It is mainly used because it underpins the collection of data and thereby understanding the gathered information (Collins, 2010, p.38). Research Approach: The research approach chosen for the study is inductive research approach. Here initial few observations are made and then it moves to broader theories and generalizations. It is also sometimes called the â€Å"bottom up approach.† Conclusions are usually based on premises and also tend to involve certain degree of uncertainty. Reasons for using such approach is that the researcher will be able to draw many approaches on his own as per the convenience of the study and meet with the challenges of the world (Anderson, 2004, p.103). Research strategy: Research strategy is referred to as decision about the tactics of data collection for a given study (Walsh & Wigens, 2003, p.70). The research strategy chosen for the study is through survey approach and case study analysis. Data collection methods: Data will be collected mainly through primary and secondary sources. Primary research will take into consideration the qualitative and quantitative approach. In case of primary research, data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews. For secondary approach, case study analysis will be taken into consideration to analyze the impact of supervisors on the performance of the e mployees at Curry’s PC World. Sampling method is of two types: probability sampling and non probability sampling methods. The study will take into consideration the probability sampling method also known as random sampling (Kothari, 2009, p.60). The study will adopt the simple random sampling technique, in order to gather data for the questionnaire and thereby analyze the result. For the survey, the target group will be the employees of Curry’

Colonialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Colonialism - Essay Example These forces have prevented the region from achieving liberation (Alkadry 745). Cultural heritage caused by lack of democratic institutions and installation of institutions that favored the British is responsible for lack of progression towards democracy and liberation in Islamic nations. Defensive modernization, imperialism, and direct colonialism work together in some instances against the self-determination of Middle East people. There are mainly two differences between the two traditional democracies. First, the role of the government for western traditional is to protect the individuals’ right to liberty, property, and life while the government’s role in Islamic tradition is to provide economic and social justice. Second, western democracies emphasize more on institutions of democracy and process while in Islamic nations what matters most is the outcome of the democratic. The administrators of colonial countries oppressed people of the Middle East. In other words, they carved them and put regimes that wound not unite the people in the Middle East. The indirect role played by the United States served its interests over those of the Middle Eastern people and this made the people not to experience the fair process of liberation. Globalization is an integration process between nations, people and countries, relates to the situation in the Middle East. For example, without a stable political environment, globalization would not be effective within the region. Additionally, globalization may compromise the sovereignty of independent

IP 2 - Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IP 2 - Art - Essay Example The sphinx was smashed into fragments by Hatshepsut’s successor and cousin, but it was later reassembled the Metropolitan Museum of art in New York, where it is on view in gallery 131. The Statuette of Eros depicts a winged Eros, wearing Herakles’ lion skin. The sculpture’s dimensions are 39.4 cm x 26.7cm x 16.5 cm. The sculptor used terracotta (clay-based ceramic) to produce this masterpiece back in the 1st Century B.C. The statuette belongs to the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. However, the Statuette of Eros is not on view. The sculpture is slightly in motion because Eros’s left hand is extended while his left hand is hidden behind his back. Ero’s posture shows that he is standing, but the arms show that there may be small movements. Ero’s wears a lion skin that covers him head to toe. There are traces of red on his chest, perhaps from the lion’s blood. Eros wear a circlet on his left thigh and a bracelet on his upper left arm. The sculpture captures the viewer because it portrays Eros as Herakles. The Statuette is chubby, beautiful (wings and ornaments), and seductive. Heracles of Mantinea or Heracles Combattant is a muscular representation of Heracles in action. The small structure is a representation of ancient Greek art and was sculpted between the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. The figure is made out of bronze and is 13 cm tall. The sculpture is located in the Room 22, Sully Wing of the Louvre Museum in Paris. However, the room is currently not open to the public. The small bronze represents a bearded man who appears to be taking a lunge with his left foot. Heracles’ right arm is raised behind his head (as if grabbing his mythical club), whereas his left arm is stretched forward (as if clasping something/someone). The aforementioned attributes, along with the powerful musculature, are a clear indication that the figure is a representation of the Greek legend

Brief History of Microbiology

Brief History of Microbiology 1- How Can Microbes Be Classified? Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Prokaryotes and other organisms of importance to microbiologists B- The Golden Age of Microbiology 1- Is Spontaneous Generation Of Microbial Life Possible? Redis Experiment, Needhams Experiment, Spallanzanis Experiment, Pasteurs Experiment. CHAPTER (1): A BRIEF HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology is the study of organisms and agents too small to be seen clearly by the naked eye. It is the study of microorganisms, or germs or microbes. However, some of these microorganisms are large and visible by our naked eye such as mushrooms, brown algae, and lichens. Viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, and protozoa belong to microorganisms. Life would not exist without microorganisms. Plants depend on microorganisms to help them obtain their nitrogen they need from air. Animals such as cows and sheep need microorganisms in order to digest the cellulose in their diets. Our ecosystem rely on microorganisms to enrich soil, degrade wastes and supports life. Without microbial recyclers, the world would be buried under dead organisms. We use beneficial microorganisms to make our food such as cheese, yoghurt, bread, to develop our vaccines, hormones, vitamins and antibiotics. The human body is home to billions of microorganisms, many of which help keep us healthy. Microorganisms are not only an essential part of our lives; they are quite literally a part of us. Microorganisms can be both beneficial and harmful (infectious disease agents) to humans, animals and plants. Some harmful microorganisms also do cause diseases, from the common cold to AIDS. The threats of bioterrorism and new or re-merging infectious diseases are real problem. We will explore all the roles (both harmful and beneficial) that microorganisms play in our lives in this fascinating course. Importance of bacteria Bacteria can be categorized into harmful and useful bacteria, while some bacteria are non harmful-non useful. Harmful bacteria Bacteria cause some major diseases to humans, animals and plants. Among these diseases: cholera, typhoid, tetanus, pneumonia, tuberculosis and meningitis. Some pathogenic bacteria produce poisonous chemicals called toxins which affect certain parts of the host body. In food industry, bacteria cause spoilage of food and food poising. Useful bacteria Bacteria produce antibiotics which for the treatment of diseases. Bacteria provide enzymes for biological washing powders. Bacteria are used as microbial insecticides protecting crops from insect pests. Bacteria are used to leach out metals from some low grade ores such as copper and gold. Bacteria contribute greatly to food industry (butter, cheese, and yogurt). Certain bacteria are used to convert lactose (milk sugar) into lactic acid. Certain bacteria are used to convert alcohol into vinegar. Â  Bacteria have an essential role in the natural cycles of matter. In the soil, bacteria affect fertility, structure and productivity of corps. One of the most important roles of bacteria is the breakdown of dead organisms and organic wastes into its basic inorganic parts. Carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, and sulfur are some of the most important materials returned to the soil and atmosphere. Such cycling of materials could not occur in the absence of certain bacteria. 9. As a source of food (single cell protein (SCP). Bacteria are a good source of (SCP) with plenty of food and space. (SCP can be produced using bacteria growing in waste paper, pollutants or any food waste product). The Early Years Of Microorganisms The early years of microbiology brought the first observations of microbial life, and the initial efforts to organize them into logical classification. Early investigators suspected the existence of microorganisms and their role in disease development even before microorganisms were detected. The first person observed and described microorganisms was Antony van Leeunwenhoek (The Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology) (Dutch) in 1674. He was a tailor and a lens grinder. He used to manufacture lenses to examine the quality of the clothes. He invented simple microscope in 1674 and he observed, drew, and measured large numbers of minute living organisms including bacteria and protozoa in pond water. He also described the motion, morphology and diversity of bacteria and protozoa. How Can Microbes Be Classified? Shortly after Leeunwenhoek made his discoveries, the Swedish botanist Linnaeus developed a taxonomic system-that is a system for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together. Linnaeus and other scientists of that period grouped all organisms into either animal kingdom or the plant kingdom. Today biologists use the five kingdoms classification system and the three kingdoms classification system. The microorganisms that Leeunwenhoek described can be grouped into five basic categories: fungi, protozoa, algae, prokaryotes and small animals. The only microbes not described by Leeunwenhoek are viruses which are too small to be seen without an electron microscope. Cells are of two types: 1- Prokaryotic cells (pro = before, karyon = nut or kernel). Example: Bacteria (i) Organisms very simple in shape. (ii) The cells lack true membrane delimited nucleus. 2- Eukaryotic cells (Eu = true, karyon = nut or kernel). Examples: Algae, fungi, protozoa, higher plants and animals. (i) Morphologically more complex than prokaryotes and larger in size. (ii) Organisms with true nucleus. They have a membrane enclose nucleus. . Biologists have divided living organisms into five kingdoms: Kingdom Monera or Prokaryote: includes prokaryotic organisms (Bacteria and archea) and Cyanobacteria (the blue-green bacteria, formerly called blue-green algae). Kingdom Protista: Include either unicellular or colonial eukaryotic organisms that lack true tissues (Protozoa, small algae, and lower fungi). Kingdom Fungi: Includes eukaryotic organisms with absorptive nutrition and often multinucleate. Fungi includes moulds (filamentous fungi) and yeasts (unicellular fungi). Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular animals with ingestive nutrition (Vertebrates and invertebrates). Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular plants with walled eukaryotic cells and photosynthetic ability. Viruses do not fit into the classification of living organisms (five kingdoms classification system) because they are dependent on other cells for their reproduction (obligate parasites). Nevertheless viruses are also studied by microbiologists. The recent classification divided organisms into 3 kingdoms based on the analysis of the 16S RNA. Bacteria (True bacteria or Eubacteria). Archaea (Archaeobacteria). Eukarya (All eukaryotic organisms). Fungi (Mycology) Fungi are organisms whose cells are eukaryotic with a true nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Fungi differ from animals by having cell walls. Fungi are different from plants because they are heterotrophic (obtain their food from other organisms which is different from plants (obtain their food by themselves through photosynthesis i.e. autotrophic). Microscopic fungi include molds (filamentous fungi) and yeasts (unicellular fungi). Molds are multicellular organisms that are grow as long filaments called hyphae that intertwine to make up the body of the mold. Molds reproduce by sexual and asexual spores which produce new individuals. Yeasts are unicellular and they reproduce by budding. Many types of fungi are beneficial and some are also very harmful to humans causing many diseases. Mushroom is a typical example of macroscopic fungi. Some mushrooms are also poisonous and can cause death. Protozoa (Protozoology or Parasitology) Protozoa are single celled eukaryotic microorganisms with true nucleus that are similar to animals in their nutritional needs and cellular structure. The suffix protozoa in Greek mean (the first animals). Most protozoa are capable of locomotion through pseudopodia, cilia or flagella. Protozoa typically live freely in water, but some live inside animal hosts, where they can cause diseases. Most protozoa reproduce asexually, however some can reproduce sexually. Algae (Phycology) Algae are unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic autotrophic organisms. Algae are categorized on the basis of their pigmentation, storage products and their cell walls. Large algae commonly called seaweeds and kelps are common in the oceans. Unicellular algae are common in freshwater ponds, streams and lakes and in the oceans as well. They are the major food source of small aquatic and marine animals and provide most of the worlds oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis. Prokaryotes (Bacteriology) Prokaryotic microorganisms are unicellular microbes that lack nuclei. There are two kinds of prokaryotes: true bacteria (Eu-bacteria) and archaea (Archaeobacteria). Bacterial cell walls are composed of a polysaccharide called peptidoglycan, although some bacteria lack cell walls. Bacteria without cell walls are called mycoplasma. The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan and instead are composed of other polymers. Most bacteria and archaea are much smaller than the eukaryotic microorganisms. True bacteria are found in all environments, however, archaea are only found in extreme environments (Difficult or harsh environments) (e.g. High or low temperature, high or low pH, high salinity, high pressure). Other Organisms Of Importance To Microbiologists Microbiologists also study parasitic worms which range in size from microscopic forms to adult tapeworms over 7 meters in length. The only type of microbes that remained hidden from Leeunwenhoek and other early microbiologists are viruses, viroids and prions which are much smaller than the smallest prokaryotic microorganisms and are not visible by light microscopy. Viruses could not seen until the electron microscope was invented in 1932. All complete viruses are acellular (not composed of cells) obligatory parasites composed of small amounts of genetic material (genome) (RNA or DNA never both) surrounded by a protein coat. The incomplete virus (Prions) consists only of protein coat and there is no nucleic acid and only attacks human and animals. While the incomplete virus (Virioid) consists only of nucleic acid and there is no protein coat and only attacks plants. Leeunwenhoek fist reported the existence of microorganisms in 1674, but microbiology did not develop significantly as a field of study for almost two centuries. There were a number of reasons for this delay. First, Leeunwenhoek was a suspicious and secretive man. Though he built over than 400 microscopes, he never trained an apprentice, and he never sold or gave away a microscope. When Leeunwenhoek died, the secret of creating superior microscope was lost. It took almost 100 years for scientists to make microscopes of equivalent quality. Another reason that microbiology was slow to develop as a science is that scientists in the 1700s considered microbes to be curiosities of nature and in-significant to human affairs. But in the late 1800s, scientists began to adopt a new philosophy, one that demand experimental proof rather than mere acceptance of traditional knowledge. This fresh philosophical foundation, accompanied by improved microscopes, new laboratory techniques, and a drive to answer a series of important questions, propelled microbiology to the forefront as a scientific discipline. The Golden Age of Microbiology For about 50 years during what is now called The Golden Age of Microbiology, scientists were driven by the search for answers o the following 4 questions: Is spontaneous generation of microbial life possible? What causes fermentation? What causes diseases? How can we prevent infection and disease? Competition among scientists, who were striving to be the first to answer these questions, drove exploration and discovery in microbiology during the late 1800s and early 1900s. These scientists discoveries and the fields of study they initiated continue to shape the course of microbiological research today. 1 Is Spontaneous Generation Of Microbial Life Possible? In the ancient times, many peoples believed that living organisms could develop from non-living matter, and they named this phenomenon as spontaneous generation (abiogenesis). Aristotle believed that simple invertebrates could arise by spontaneous generation. He also believed that frogs and shrimps could arise from mud, insects from the morning dew and maggots from decaying meat. The validity of this theory came under challenge in the 17th century. Redis Experiment (1626-1697). The spontaneous generation conflict was finally challenged by the Redi (1688), who carried out a series of experiments using decayed meat and he studies the ability of meat to produce maggots spontaneously. He concluded that maggots do not arise by spontaneous generation. In unsealed flask: The maggots covered the meat within few days. In the sealed flasks: The flies were kept away and no maggots appeared on the meat. In the gauze-covered flask: The flies were kept away and no maggots appeared on the meat, although a few maggots appeared on the top of the gauze. Needhams Experiment (1713-1781). He boiled beef broth in a sealed flask. Some days later he demonstrated that many of these flasks became cloudy and contained microorganisms. He thought that the organic matter in the meat contained a vital force that could give the properties of life from non-living matter. Since he heated the flasks he thought that the microorganisms is coming from the non living beef broth. Spallanzanis Experiment (1729-1799). Spallanzanis in 1799 reported results that contradicted Needhams findings. Spallanzani boiled some infusions for one hour and sealed the vials by melting their slender necks closed. His infusion remained clear, unless he broke the seal and exposed the infusion to air, after which they became cloudy with microorganisms. He concluded three things: Needham had either failed to heat his vials sufficiently. Microorganisms exist in the air and can contaminate the experiments. Spontaneous generation of microorganisms does not occur. All living things arise from other living things. Criticisms of Spallanzanis work were: The sealed vials did not allow enough air for organisms to survive. The prolonged heating for long time (one hour) destroyed the Life force. The debate continued until the French chemist Louis Pasteur conducted experiments that finally solved the theory of spontaneous generation to rest. Pasteurs Experiment (1822-1895). In 1861, Pasteur (The Father of Microbiology) solved the spontaneous generation conflict. The Swan Neck Experiment Pasteur placed nutrient solutions in flasks heated their necks in a flame and drew them out in a variety of curved shapes, and he kept the ends of the neck open to the air. He then boiled the nutrient solutions for a few minutes and allowed them to cool. No microbial growth was observed; even the flask contents were exposed to the external air currents. Pasteur pointed out that no growth was observed because dust and germs had been collected on the walls of the curved pre-heated necks. If the necks were broken, microbial growth appeared. The results obtained by Pasteur were against the spontaneous generation theory. 2- What Causes Fermentation? Pasteur developed the pasteurization a process of heating the grape juice just enough to kill most contaminating bacteria without changing the juice backs qualities so it could then be inoculated with yeast to ensure that alcohol fermentation occurred. Pasteur thus began the field of industrial microbiology or biotechnology in which microbes are used to manufacture beneficial products. Today pasteurization is used routinely on milk to eliminate pathogenic bacteria that cause tuberculosis and is also used to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and fungi in juices and other beverages. Because of Pasteur many significant accomplishments in working with microbes, Pasture is considered the Father of Microbiology. 3- What Causes Diseases? Robert Koch (German Doctor) (the golden age of microbiology 1880-1920) was the first person to demonstrate the role of bacteria in causing anthrax disease in 1876. Kochs proof that Bacillus anthracis caused anthrax. Koch discovered that bacteria are responsible for causing a disease. This was called the germ theory of disease. The science of etiology (the study of causation of diseases) was dominated by Robert Koch. Koch established criteria for proving the causal relationship between a microorganism and a specific disease. These criteria are known as Koch postulates, and it can be summarized as follows: (i)- The organism should be constantly present in animals or plants suffering from the disease and should not be present in healthy individuals. (ii)- The organism must be cultivated in pure culture away from the animal or plant body. (iii)- Such a culture when inoculated into susceptible animals or plants should initiate the characteristic disease symptoms. (iv)- The organism should be re-isolated from these experimental animals or plants and cultured again in the laboratory, after which it should still be the same as the original organism. Koch also developed media suitable for the isolation of pure bacterial cultures from human body. He developed nutrient broth and nutrient agar media. In 1882 Koch has used these methods to isolate the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. During Kochs studies on bacterial pathogens, it became necessary to isolate suspected bacterial pathogens. At first, he cultured bacteria on sterile surfaces of cut, boiled potatoes. This was unsatisfactory because bacteria would not always grow well on potatoes because of the acidity of the potato tissues. He then tried to solidify regular liquid medium by adding gelatin. Separate bacterial colonies developed after the surface had been streaked with a bacterial sample. When the gelatin medium hardened, individual bacteria produced separate colonies. Despite its advantages, gelatin was not an ideal solidifying agent because it was digested by many bacteria and melted when the temperature rose above 28ÂÂÂ °C. Fannie Hesse suggested a better alternative. She suggested the use of agar as a solidifying agent. Agar is derived from red algae. Agar was not attacked by most bacteria and did not melt until reaching a temperature of 100ÂÂÂ °C unlike gelatin. Richard Petri developed the Petri dish (Plate) in 1887, a container for making solid culture media. This development made possible the isolation of pure cultures that contained only a single microorganism. Koch and his colleagues are also responsible for many other advances in laboratory microbiology, including the following: Simple staining techniques for bacterial cells and flagella. The first photomicrograph of bacteria. The first photograph of bacteria in diseased tissues. Techniques for estimating the number of bacteria in a solution based on the number of colonies that form after inoculation onto a solid surface. The use of steam to sterilize growth media. The use of Petri dishes to hold solid growth media. Aseptic laboratory techniques such as transferring bacteria between media using platinum wire that has been sterilized in a flame. Koch hypothesized that each bacterial colony consisted if the progeny of a single cell. Koch use laboratory animals to inject bacteria and study disease development. For these achievements, Koch is considered as the Father of the Microbiological laboratory. Grams stain Although Koch reported a simple staining technique in 1877, the Danish scientist Gram developed a more important staining method in 1884. His procedure which involves the application of series of dyes made some microbes blue and others red. The blue cells are called the Gram positive and the red cells are called the Gram negative. We now use Gram Stain to separate bacteria into these two large groups. The gram stain is still the most widely used staining technique. It is one of the first steps carried out in any laboratory where bacteria are being identified. 4 How Can We Prevent Infection And Disease? 1 Semmelweis and Hand washing Semmelweis was a physician began requiring medical students to wash hands with chlorinated lime water. 2 Listers Antiseptic Technique Joseph Lister (1867), an English surgeon found indirect evidence that microorganism were agents of human disease. He worked on the prevention of wound infection. He developed a system of antiseptic surgery designed to prevent microorganism from entering wounds. Instruments were heat sterilized and phenol was used on surgical dressings and sprayed over the surgical area. He provided a strong evidence for the role of microorganisms in disease development because phenol which killed bacteria also prevented wound infections. 3 Nightingale and Nursing Nightingale was an English nurse and she is the founder of modern nursing and she introduced cleanliness and antiseptic techniques into nursing practices. 4 Snow and Epidemiology John Snow an English physician plays a key role ion setting standards for good public hygiene to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. His study was the foundation for two branches of microbiology (infection control) and epidemiology (study of the occurrence, distribution and spread of disease in humans). 5 Jenners Vaccine On 1796, Edward Jenner used cowpox-infected material to successfully vaccinate people against human small pox. He names the process vaccination after Vaccinia, the virus that causes cowpox. Jenner invented vaccination or immunization. In honor of Jenners work with cowpox, Pasteur used the term vaccine to refer to all weakened protective strains of pathogens. 6 Ehrlichs magic bullets and Chemotherapy Ehrlich found that chemicals could be used to kill microorganisms. He discovered chemicals active against trypanosomes the protozoan that causes sleeping sickness and against Treponema that cause syphilis. His discoveries began the branch of chemotherapy. The Modern Age of Microbiology 1 How Do Genes work? Over the past 40 yeasts, advances in microbial genetics developed into several new disciplines that are among the faster growing areas of scientific research today; including: Molecular biology A Molecular Biology Molecular biology combines aspects of biochemistry, cell biology and genetics to explain cell function at the molecular level. Molecular biologists are concerned with genome sequencing. A full understating of the genomes of organisms will result in practical ways to limit disease, repair genetic defects and enhance agricultural yield. B Recombinant DNA technology Molecular Biology is applied in recombinant DNA technology, commonly called genetic engineering which was first developed using microbial models. This includes the production of human insulin in genetically engineered bacteria. C Gene therapy An exciting new area of study is the use of recombinant DNA technology for gene therapy. This is a process that involves inserting a missing gene or repairing a defective gene in human cells. This procedure uses harmless viruses to insert a desired gene into host cells where it is incorporated into a chromosome and begins to function normally. 2 What Roles Do Microorganisms Play in the Environment? The study of microorganisms in their natural environment is called environmental Microbiology or microbial ecology. 3 How We Defend Against Disease? Advancements in chemotherapy were made in the 1900s with the discovery of numerous substances such as penicillin and sulfa drugs that inhibit bacteria. 4 The Scope And Relevance of Microbiology Microbiology has both basic aspects and applied aspects. A scientist working in the field of microbiology is called a microbiologist. Many microbiologists are interested in the biology of microorganisms. They may focus on a specific group of microorganisms and are called: Virologist (Virology is the study of viruses), Bacteriologist (Bacteriology is the study of bacteria), Phycologist (Phycology is the study of algae), Mycologist (Mycology is the study of fungi), and Protozoologist (Protozoology is the study of protozoa). Other microbiologist work in other fields such as microbial physiology, microbial cytology, microbial ecology, and microbial taxonomy. Other microbiologists have more practical applied fields such as medical microbiology, food and dairy microbiology, and public health microbiology. Medical Microbiology: Deals with human and animal diseases. Agricultural Microbiology: Deals with the application of microorganisms in agriculture. Public health Microbiology: Deals with the control of the spread of diseases. Food and dairy Microbiology: Deals with the application of microorganisms by man to make foods such as cheese, bread, and other important products. Industrial Microbiology: Deals with the industrial application of microorganisms such as the production of vaccines, antibiotics, vitamins and enzymes. Microbial Ecology or Environmental microbiology: Deals with the relationship between microorganisms and their environments. Microbial physiology and Biochemistry: Deals with the study with physiology of microorganisms and the effects of physical and chemical agents on the survival of microorganisms. 6 What Will The Future Hold? What will microbiologists discover next? Among the questions for the next 50 years are the following: What is the physiology of life forms that can not be grown in laboratory and only known to us now by their nucleic acid sequences? Does life exist beyond planet Earth, and if so, what are its features? How can we reduce the threat of infectious diseases, especially those that can be used by bioterrorists?

Teaching Practices Essay -- Education, Early Childhood Education

In this essay Te Ao Maori, Te Reo Maori, Tikanga Maori and Treaty of Waitangi will be examined. The relevance of these to the teaching practices will be reflected upon. Few appropriate strategies will be discussed to support the implementation of a bicultural curriculum in early childhood education. According to Irwin (1984) for Maori, the creating myths form an important part of their world view, â€Å"conveying myth messages that people practice as ideals and norms in their lives â€Å"(p.1). The Maori creation myths begin with three stages te kore, te po and tea ao Marama. In the beginning there was Te Kore, the nothingness. Then came the te po the night , it was this night that the seven gods began crawling in the narrow space between their parents bodies, who were Rangi (sky father) and Papa (Earth mother). One day Tane –mahuta god of forest, began separating his parents apart so that there was enough room for them to move around in. So when Tane became successful in separating his parents, the world of light – te ao marama was created . The sun used to move across the sky quite rapidly and it used to be hard for the people to finish their daily chores such as cooking, hunting due to the insufficient time of the sun in the sky. So, Maui the demi – god decided one day that he needs to slow down the sun. As stated by Reed (2007) â€Å"Maui battered the sun until he was weakened (p.28). Ultimately, the people were able to finish their chores as sunlight was there for more hours. Te Ao Maori has played a significant role in my teaching practice, because the creation of the Maori myths is similar to showing the children how to grow a seed into a plant, the different growing stages of the plant depict the Maori strategy of growing of ... ... some aspects of treaty and the government has tried to settle the claims and set of tribunals to look into this aspect. Foreshore rights are one of the contributions issues. Government feels the treaty is an important part of New Zealand history and culture. (State Services Commision , 2004). Te Ao Maori, Te Reo Maori, Tikanga Maori and Treaty of Waitangi are an valuable asset of New Zealand and they are protected under the Treaty of Waitangi. Te Ao Maori explains us the creating of myths and legends through the Maori perspective and also that Te Reo Maori (Maori language) is a living treasure (taonga) of New Zealand. Tikanga Maori tells us the importance of the values and beliefs in Maori culture. Treaty of Waitangi holds a special value in the history of New Zealand. Therefore, all the Maori perspective add a significance in the wealth of knowledge.

Discussing Frankenstein Essay

Living in a society, we are accustomed to completing tasks within minutes if not seconds. With this fact in mind, it is very difficult to comprehend the amount of painstaking labor of Victor Frankenstein. The long days eventually turned into months and then into years. Victor observed worms in a graveyard, collected materials, and painstakingly created a being, complete with the intricacies of a human body and mind. After the realization of his greatest achievement, Victor looked upon the lifeless individual as his creation. As the father of this illegitimate being, Victor is already physically and morally responsible for the creature. Since the very beginning of the experiment, Victor was entrusted with this being. Once the creature opened his yellow eyes, Victor relinquished his task to educate his design. Instead of worrying over the creature’s welfare and the interest of others, he drove from his mind all thoughts of the experiment. The monster was left to fend for itself, learning the basic essentials of survival by what he saw an the only food he could find. Only until the monster hurt something of significance to Victor, did the scientist feel accountable. It is no doubt the monster is now evil. His unanswerable question in life is â€Å"why am I here? † The man who gave him life fled from his side just like the rest of society. Victor, at this point in the story, has a choice. The scientist can either make another life form or suffer earthly torments from the monster. By not completing the request of the creation, Victor handed over the lives of his family and friends. Again, Victor can be held morally responsible for the deaths. Creation tells him to make another life form and everything will be alright. The scientist never realized his mistakes. If he has only taken care of his creation, the deaths of his father, wife, brothers, and sisters could have been avoided. With such a brilliant mind, Victor could have been one of the brightest minds in science. If it were not for the irresponsible beginnings of the experiment, the evil in the creature may have never surfaced. Throughout the novel, Frankenstein, the theme of life and death is pervasive in connection to the moral ignorance of Victor and his monster. Evidently both characters showed a great quantity of wrongdoing; however the awaiting actions are all start from one: the creation of life from science. This was thought of as an impossible task, but would prove to be Frankenstein’s foremost dream and goal for his youth and adolescence. Not realizing the severity of the consequences; Victor succeeded in breeding his creature, which would ironically lead to his future destruction. Being unaware to what a creature might do without the proper nourishment from family or friends, Dr. Frankenstein shunned his own creation even though he had the obligation as a parent to foster his child. However, not only did Victor overlook the proper care for his creation, but he also cursed and criticized the appearance of the wretched monster. Frankenstein assembled the beast to look inhuman and rejected what he purposely created. The grotesque look of his child not only repelled his master, but also disgusted the rest of society. Although Victor did not physically commit murder, his denial as a father to his imperfect being was in fact killing the monster from the start. mention the part when F sees monster for the first time It is now obvious that Victor was the most morally irresponsible. He tried to forget his past, as he did not want to be linked with that daemon which was created by his own hands. Frankenstein exhibited selfishness along with small-mindedness. He first ignored his family upon creating his child and then ignored his child upon escaping his workplace. Victor did not think twice and failed to resolve the problem before it augmented. Just a baby being brought into a new and evidently prejudice world, his creation did not know what to do. The monster had to survive in the dangerous world alone with no one to love or give love in return. He had no one to help him, no one to teach him, no one to feed him, no one to even talk to him. Whenever he helped humans, he would always receive harm. He harmed mankind because they harmed him first. Unquestionably, if he were treated with love, he would return the love tenfold. However, Frankenstein was responsible for the miss-education of the child and for the actions of the child. Moreover, Frankenstein was responsible for the deaths of his friends and family. Being the cause of his own unfortunate destiny, Dr. Victor Frankenstein is clearly the one who demonstrated the least moral responsibility. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

International Finance Trend of Exchange Rate

International Finance Trend of Exchange Rate Trend of exchange rate over time The graph presented below shows the trend of the weekly exchange rate of the Turkish Lira and Thai Baht against the US dollar for a period of five years that is, between 2008 and 2013.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on International Finance: Trend of Exchange Rate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on the graph above, it can be observed that the exchange rate of Turkish Lira was higher than the exchange rate of Thai Baht over the five-year period. The range of exchange rate for the Turkish Lira was between 0.5 and 0.8 while the exchange rate for the Thai Baht against the US dollar was below 0.1 throughout the period. Secondly, it can be observed that the exchange rate for the Turkish Lira against the US dollar fluctuated during the period. There was a slight appreciation in the exchange rate between 2008 and 2009. This indicates that the economy of the country grew strong duri ng the period. Thereafter, the exchange rate depreciated by a small margin between 2009 and 2011. This was caused by the global financial crisis. Between 2012 and 2013, there was an appreciation of the exchange rate. This indicates that the economy recovered from the financial crisis. The country heavily relies on international trade as a key source of income. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of the exchange rate are as a result of market changes. It indicates that the country operates a flexible exchange rate regime. On the other hand, it can be observed the exchange rate for the Thai Baht against the US dollar was fairly constant throughout the period. The value depreciated slightly from values ranging between 0.02 and 0.03. It indicates that the country operates a managed exchange rate regime. Bid and ask price The graph presented below shows the bid-ask spread expressed as percentages for the weekly exchange rate of the Turkish Lira and Thai Baht against the US dollar for a period of five years. Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The graph presented above indicates that the percentage of the bid-ask spread for the exchange rate of the Thai Baht against the US dollar was higher than the percentage spread for the Turkish Lira against the US dollar for between part of the five-year period. The bid-ask spread for the exchange rate of the Thai Baht against the US dollar was quite high in 2008. However, by the end of the 2008, the spread declined significantly. It remained fairly stationary between 2009 and 2011. However, in 2012, the company experienced a decline in the value of percentage spread. The high percentage spread can be attributed to a number of factors. The key factor is the perceived risk and political instability in the country. Volatility in the economic conditions in the country also explains the high value of the bid-as k spread. On the other hand, the percentage bid-ask spread for the exchange rate of the Turkish Lira against the US dollar escalated in early 2009. This can be attributed to the global crisis. Thereafter, the spread remained quite low and stable. The lower bid-ask spread is as a result of a large volume of shares traded (OANDA Corporation 1). Cross rates The graph presented below shows the trend of the spot exchange rate of Turkish Lira against the Thai Baht for the five-year period. The graph above indicates that there was a gradual decline in the value of the cross exchange rate during the five-year period. Besides, it can be observed that the graph of actual exchange rate is superimposed on the graph of cross rates calculated. It implies that the calculated cross rate is similar to the actual rate extracted (OANDA Corporation 1). OANDA Corporation 2013, Historical Exchange Rate. Web. https://www1.oanda.com/fx-for-business/historical-rates.Advertising We will write a cus tom assessment sample on International Finance: Trend of Exchange Rate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Free Essays on Music Of The 60s - A Clashing Of Generations

MUSIC OF THE 60’S - A CLASHING OF GENERATIONS The Sixties were an exciting revolutionary period of time with great social and technological change. Some people called it the â€Å"decade of discontent† because of the race riots and demonstrations against the Vietnam War. The sixties were about assassination, unforgettable fashions, civil rights, and sexual freedom. All of these components caused a revolutionary change in the world of popular music. In the sixties, music mirrored the tensions of the era, and played an important role in changing American culture. The verbal content of rock songs turned toward rebellion, social protest, sex, and drugs. Rock and Roll was for and about adolescents. Its lyrics articulated teenage and young adult's problems and concerns. All aspects of the music, its heavy beat, loudness, self-absorbed lyrics, indicated a defiance of adult values and authority. This defiance caused older people to express unrealistic fear for their children and for our nation's future. This was the period when the younger generation developed a keen sense of alienation from the older generation and the establishment with all its political, social and religious institutions. They went searching for new answers to age-old questions, such as the value of the individual, the authority of the state, truth, justice, and the meaning of life. Alienation came in many forms and is aimed at different targets. Much of this generation’s music was an expression of the anguish and alienation the young felt towards the older generation, the government, and the confinement of the society they lived in. They attempted to address the important issues generated by the unique events of the period. So, in a way the music of the sixties is explained by the simple clichà © that music was a product of the culture that created it.... Free Essays on Music Of The 60's - A Clashing Of Generations Free Essays on Music Of The 60's - A Clashing Of Generations MUSIC OF THE 60’S - A CLASHING OF GENERATIONS The Sixties were an exciting revolutionary period of time with great social and technological change. Some people called it the â€Å"decade of discontent† because of the race riots and demonstrations against the Vietnam War. The sixties were about assassination, unforgettable fashions, civil rights, and sexual freedom. All of these components caused a revolutionary change in the world of popular music. In the sixties, music mirrored the tensions of the era, and played an important role in changing American culture. The verbal content of rock songs turned toward rebellion, social protest, sex, and drugs. Rock and Roll was for and about adolescents. Its lyrics articulated teenage and young adult's problems and concerns. All aspects of the music, its heavy beat, loudness, self-absorbed lyrics, indicated a defiance of adult values and authority. This defiance caused older people to express unrealistic fear for their children and for our nation's future. This was the period when the younger generation developed a keen sense of alienation from the older generation and the establishment with all its political, social and religious institutions. They went searching for new answers to age-old questions, such as the value of the individual, the authority of the state, truth, justice, and the meaning of life. Alienation came in many forms and is aimed at different targets. Much of this generation’s music was an expression of the anguish and alienation the young felt towards the older generation, the government, and the confinement of the society they lived in. They attempted to address the important issues generated by the unique events of the period. So, in a way the music of the sixties is explained by the simple clichà © that music was a product of the culture that created it....

Is the thesis proved Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is the thesis proved - Essay Example Trumpener specifies that chemical warfare was in existence prior to world war one and that it is not the Germans that brought into existences, but instead they proved to the world that it is a force with which to reckon. (Trumpener, 1975) This is especially with the death of allied soldiers, who died immediately, and other who were left suffering after exposure to chlorine gas that was dispersed by wind. A similar case is brought forth with the French applying canisters that only caused temporary discomfort and few fatalities, as opposed to the case of the Germans. The French chemical warfare entailed application of gas to irritate the eyes and a choking sensation while the German one focused on the elimination of the allied enemy. In addition, the lethality of the French chemical warfare was not guaranteed as it used low doses and in small volumes in dispersal as opposed to the German gas. The German’s were intent on killing all their enemies hence releasing over 150 tons of chlorine gas against allied forces (Trumpener, 1975). The claims and complaints by the allied forces against the Germans; on the unfairness of gas use proves that this was the very first encounter with poison gas on a massive scale. The use of chemical warfare came under strong criticism as it was viewed as a foul move since the Germans gained no advantage after poisoning the allied forces. In addition, following the lack of preparation by the allied forces, who were considered well equipped in the war, further proves the introduction of chemical warfare. After the war in the 1919, there was increased activity as the article shows, on the production of poison gas and other agents of chemical warfare, where there was more research on the use of chemical weapons, especially on the German side. In addition, the use of chemical gas had been prohibited in 1899 in The Hague by the peace conference, which had limited

Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing in IT Project Management Research Paper

Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing in IT Project Management - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that in most of the businesses today, the sole aim is to operate at optimum levels, where they reduce as many costs as possible and increase revenues to their best. In cost reduction, it is about reducing expenditure, especially expenditure, and ensuring that they use the cheapest products and services as possible. For instance, a company might be in need of a certain service for just but a short period of time. It could also be in need of such a service seasonally and not throughout. It would then be quite expensive and unnecessary to hire a full-time professional to handle that task for a short period then stay idle for a larger amount of time. In such cases, the company could consider hiring that professional on a contractual kind of a relationship. This is the primary concept lying behind outsourcing. Outsourcing is essentially the act of assigning certain business processes or activities to an external party that can help in handling t hem. Most of the time, large organizations cannot handle all their processes internally, either because they are too complex, bulky, or seasonal. The more common reason is the temporary nature of some tasks, such that the company is not willing to hire professionals permanently to carry out these activities from within. When the company then outsources the work to the external service provider, they accord them the responsibility of handling that activity all by themselves and maintaining the firm’s interests and assets at the same time.

IMC PLAN - PURINA PRO PLAN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IMC PLAN - PURINA PRO PLAN - Assignment Example Purina Pro Plan had already run few successful campaigns too in the market, and this drive also has a potential to gain probable customers and can increase sales. Purina Pro Plan is a trustworthy brand from the experts’ point of view and has apparently an image of healthy and nutritious pet food over pet keeper’s mind, providing complete range of cat and dog food. The idea to generate this campaign is that people find difficulties in carrying their pet in flight, a campaign of Purina Pro Plan is offering a two-way fare on International travelling with the validity of 45 days. The company will print two series of code; one in descending order and other one in ascending order. Every pack will have a hidden code. For example: any customer has 67899 and other will have 99876. A person has to post their pet’s picture with his pet food pack, using hashtag #mypurinastarpet and code number. When two people can match their inverse series they can claim with picture and code number to the company and then both pet keepers can have a two-way international ticket for their pet with validity of 45 days. Communication and continuous interaction between the company’s personnel and Purina Pro Plan buyer will increase the visibility of a Brand in the market, it will help to retain brand loyalty and Potential buyers will switch to this Brand. The company is going to run its Advertisements via traditional and nontraditional ways, Internet marketing through social media ads, direct marketing and fliers in college and university campuses and bus stops, teaser advertisements on TV and radio. In nontraditional, Picture booth will be placed at bus stops, public places and at veteran hospitals. The company’s personnel will look over sales, before the campaign start and compare with every passing month. Social engine optimization tool will be used on regular basis to check the users’ response. In case of low engagement, more attractive ads and content will

Regulation in Mass Media Essay Example for Free

Regulation in Mass Media Essay The responsibility of the FCC and their regulations are often questioned if they are necessary or not. By examining Horwitz’s â€Å"The Evolution of the American Telecommunication System and the Origin of Communication Regulation. ,† one could take the side that the regulation of media is necessary. Regulation of media is necessary to prevent a monopoly which is one company controlling the entire market. If there was a monopoly on media then the company could charge and price whatever they want and only give service to those they wanted to. By having media regulations this is not able to happen. Natural monopolies in wired carriers, which are monopolies approved by the FCC, keep costs down and prevent a cluttering of wiring in the air or ripping up streets to install underground wiring. The first sign of natural monopoly was with ATT and the telephone. According to Horowitz, it states: â€Å"Under the leadership of Theodor Vail, ATT maintain the telephony constitution a natural monopoly. One policy, one system, and universal service’ was Vail’s ot-reapted slogan. † (Horowitz, Page 99) Vail argued that by having more then one provider there would be a waste of resources and if there was one provider pooling its resources they would be able to provide a better service to the customer. Though this might be true, unless there is regulation by the government this idea of natural monopoly would be horrible. Now the FCC regulates any kind of natural monopoly that exists within universal carriers of a media . The beginning of regulation began with the start of large scale communication, other then print, in 1835 when Samuel Morse proved a signal that could transmitted a message by wire. Morse used pulses of current to provide a written code on a strip of paper. This code became known as the Morse Code. Morse gave a public demonstration in 1838 to congress, but it took congress over five years to fund Morse’s experiment of the telegraph. Congress funded Morse $30,000 to construct a 40 mile experiment from Washington to Baltimore, using telegraph wire. It took six years before a message was sent and received over the telegraph wire. This was the first time a message had been transferred other then print or word of mouth. Western Union became the main provider of the telegraph service, and became a monopoly in 1867. The telegraph created the umbrella of commerce, which was the first time the government intervened with communications. According to Horwitz, a common carrier obligation was established for all carriers that provided service for the telegraph. Telegraph companies resemble railroad companies and other common carries, in that they are instruments of commerce and in that they exercise a public employment and are therefore bound to serve all customers alike without discriminations, they have doubtless a duty to the public to receive to the extent of there capacity all messages clearly and intelligible written and to transmit them upon reasonable terms but they are not common carriers, there duties are different and are perfo rmed in different ways and they are not subject the same liabilities. (Horowitz, Page 95, 96) What this law meant was that there could be no discrimination in who the provider wanted to extend service to. In 1895 the first radio message was transmitted by Marconi. Radio area waves were open to who ever could make a device to transmit messages to other people with the same device. Broadcasting became more and more popular. According to Horwitz, â€Å"broadcasting-the dissemination of electrical messages through the airwaves to an undifferentiated audience-may not have been contemplated, but it was inherited in the technology of radio. (Horowitz, Page 112) Radio became more and more popular and the government stepped in like they did with the telegraph and telephone and began regulating radio. The first major regulation was the Radio Act of 1912. Before this, radio waves were open to the public. The airwaves started to become too crowded and the U. S. government decided to take actio n. The Radio Act of 1912 established government control over the airwaves and created guidelines for issuing licenses and distributing radio airwaves. The Radio Act of 1927 was the second major act that was established to regulate the media industry. This act created the Federal Radio Communications (FRC), which was responsible for giving licenses to broadcasters. This act also made it so that the radio airwaves were a public resource. As a result, broadcasters were required to serve the public interest. The regulations of broadcasted media and the regulation of print media are different. The regulation of print deals with copyright laws. Anyone could publish anything they want but if some one uses someone else’s words without proper notation they could be sued. Print is regulated more when dealing with news print; for example the newspaper. Most print media would not use profanity or any kind of naked pictures. Print media is mostly written based on ethics. The writer tries not to take sides or out right seem bias towards one particular side. Broadcast media like radio have different kinds of regulations. In order to have air time on the radio one needs to have a license. Radio also must provide a public service toward the listener. Radio just like print media tends to stay away from profanity and over sexual connotations. Print media usually has a fee, whereas, radio is free to the public. Both of these media’s have regulations but have different kinds of regulations from the FCC. Overall, the world of mass media has many regulations that exist. These regulations are decided by the FCC, which is an independent government agency created under the Communications Act of 1934. At the beginning the FCC was responsible for regulating broadcast, telegraph, and telephone. Now the FCC has expanded its regulations to include new communication technologies such as: the satellite, microwave, cellular telephones, PCS service and private radio communications. As one could see, the responsibilities of the FCC are necessary in monitoring both the delivery system and the actual media itself. Overall, by using Horwitz’s â€Å"The Evolution of the American Telecommunication System and the Origin of Communication Regulation. ,† one could tell the history of regulation and how important it really is to the people.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

â€Å"A man of courage flees towards the start of indifferent things.† In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee there are many dissimilar examples of courageous behavior. There are many different definitions of courage. Some people say that courage is being able to face their fears. Others say that courage is a person with a tough heart. In the novel, Lee describes courage as being â€Å"when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what" (p.112). Courage is the ultimate weapon against racism, war, sexism and unfair circumstances. It can overthrow the man in the highest position and defeat the harshest of words. Courage. It’s what many characters in To Kill a Mockingbird have and know how to exploit. Courageous people make other courageous people and Scout Finch has made that impact on many. Mrs. Henrietta Dubose starts out cold and distant, but then we later realize that she is just overcoming a stage of becoming courageous. Atticus Finch also happens to be one of the boldest people that I have come into contact with. Scout, Mrs. Dubose and Atticus all have the elements of the most courageous people in the novel. Scout Finch has the spunk and brutality of a boy her age, but in the same aspect a warmer heart than most girls. She starts out being quite a tomboy. She beats people up when she doesn’t know what else will resolve her conflict, for example: when she beats up Walter Cunningham because he made her look bad. She plays with boys, including her brother Jem and friend, Dill. She has a lot to handle at such a young age for just growing up in the society of the 1930’s. Scout can conduct herself in such situations that most wouldn’t be able to manage, yet when she has her buttons pushed, she turns to the one thing she uses to express her grief, using her fists. Despite the fact she is a hitter, she uses her words to defend her father. When Mr. Cunningham was outside of the courthouse mocking Atticus for what he is planning to do for Tom Robinson Scout stood her ground for her father and reminded Mr. Cunningham of the fact he, too, was a man like Atticus with a famil y to care for, children that need him and a man trying to make a living.

The History Of Rave Music :: essays research papers fc

The history of Rave Music is quite interesting. It has been around for decades. Some enjoy it, some don’t. There is some conflict as to where Rave Music actually started. Some people, non-ravers most likely, ask what is Rave Music? Rave Music is made up of technologically advanced beats that are mixed with other beats to form music. Rave Music has a culture of its own, as so does any other music type. The history of Rave Music is hard to sum up, but here it goes... The controversy in â€Å"Who started Rave Music, U.K. or U.S.?† is going to forever live on. But in all actuality, the U.S. sparked the flame that started it all. It all started back in 1970, in Detroit and Chicago, when Djs, like Frankie Knuckles, would program drum rhythms and play disco records over the top of his beats. He would play this â€Å"music† in the â€Å"club environment†. In 1977, in Chicago, the first club, playing this â€Å"music†, opened and was called The Warehouse. This is where house music received its name (shortened version of the clubs name). The U.K. heard of this and adopted the music. The music blew up over seas. Meanwhile it was still on the low in the U.S.. That is why people say the U.K. started it. House music was being played in gay clubs, in England, for 2 years before any sign of acceptance in the straight scene. While that was going on, the Djs in the U.S. were playing around with their music and somehow came up with the idea of mixing house music and hip-hop together. In 1985, Hip-house was born. This is when house music blew up in the United States. In 1986, Underground was born. Djs started getting creative with their music and in 1987 Deep House and Techno were born. In 1988, came Acid House. This was invented by 2 Djs who were hooking up their equipment and someone accidentally hit the on switch and on came the speakers making an â€Å"acidy† noise. The Djs liked the noise and decided to mix house music in. Thus, making Acid House. The U.K. began feeling left out and started experimenting themselves. In 1989, they came up with New Beat, a mix between Acid, Techno and House. While this was going on the U.S. came up with Hardcore, some really really fast house music. In 1990, LA finally decided to step away from the rap scene and give House/Techno a try. The History Of Rave Music :: essays research papers fc The history of Rave Music is quite interesting. It has been around for decades. Some enjoy it, some don’t. There is some conflict as to where Rave Music actually started. Some people, non-ravers most likely, ask what is Rave Music? Rave Music is made up of technologically advanced beats that are mixed with other beats to form music. Rave Music has a culture of its own, as so does any other music type. The history of Rave Music is hard to sum up, but here it goes... The controversy in â€Å"Who started Rave Music, U.K. or U.S.?† is going to forever live on. But in all actuality, the U.S. sparked the flame that started it all. It all started back in 1970, in Detroit and Chicago, when Djs, like Frankie Knuckles, would program drum rhythms and play disco records over the top of his beats. He would play this â€Å"music† in the â€Å"club environment†. In 1977, in Chicago, the first club, playing this â€Å"music†, opened and was called The Warehouse. This is where house music received its name (shortened version of the clubs name). The U.K. heard of this and adopted the music. The music blew up over seas. Meanwhile it was still on the low in the U.S.. That is why people say the U.K. started it. House music was being played in gay clubs, in England, for 2 years before any sign of acceptance in the straight scene. While that was going on, the Djs in the U.S. were playing around with their music and somehow came up with the idea of mixing house music and hip-hop together. In 1985, Hip-house was born. This is when house music blew up in the United States. In 1986, Underground was born. Djs started getting creative with their music and in 1987 Deep House and Techno were born. In 1988, came Acid House. This was invented by 2 Djs who were hooking up their equipment and someone accidentally hit the on switch and on came the speakers making an â€Å"acidy† noise. The Djs liked the noise and decided to mix house music in. Thus, making Acid House. The U.K. began feeling left out and started experimenting themselves. In 1989, they came up with New Beat, a mix between Acid, Techno and House. While this was going on the U.S. came up with Hardcore, some really really fast house music. In 1990, LA finally decided to step away from the rap scene and give House/Techno a try.